列车智能运维技术专题

Train fault prediction and health management(PHM) are pivotal technologies within the railway sector, leveraging intelligent sensing, information technology, and artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis, proactive maintenance, and decision support for trains. Chinese railways currently utilize an array of technological platforms, including 5T, CMA, WTDS, and PHM, to facilitate intelligent maintenance for both passenger and freight trains as well as Electric Multiple Units (EMUs). This technology is progressively evolving towards a more integrated, intelligent, and cross-disciplinary approach, shifting from scheduled preventive maintenance to a model of digital precision maintenance. The application of these advancements promotes comprehensive lifecycle management and control for railway trains, which in turn reduces operational costs and enhances both the safety and efficiency of rail transportation.

列车故障预测与健康管理是铁路领域关键技术，主要利用智能传感技术、信息技术、人工智能技术，实现列车的实时状态监控、故障诊断、预警维护与决策。中国铁路目前采用了包括5T、CMA、WTDS和PHM在内的多种技术平台，以实现铁路客货车和动车组列车的智能运维。该技术正逐渐走向平台化、智能化、跨专业融合化，实现计划性预防修向数字化精准预防修转变，其技术应用有助于实现铁路列车全生命周期运维管控，从而降低运维成本，提高运输的安全性和运维效率。

Figure 1: Developmental Journey of Railway Equipment Maintenance

图 1：铁路装备运维保障技术发展路线

Figure 2：Intelligent Maintenance System For High-Speed EMUs

图 2：高速动车组智能运维系统

Figure 3: Application of PHM Technology In High-Speed EMUs

图 3：高速动车组PHM技术应用